Modern wheel materials have evolved from traditional steel to aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and even carbon fiber composites. Aluminum alloy wheels have become mainstream due to their light weight, excellent heat dissipation, and strong malleability, effectively improving fuel economy and braking performance. Higher-end magnesium alloy wheels are even lighter, but cost and corrosion resistance remain challenges. Carbon fiber wheels represent the pinnacle of performance, offering extreme lightweight and strength, commonly found in supercars and racing. Advances in materials science continually push the boundaries of wheel safety, efficiency, and design.